The Parable of Two Prayers (Luke 18:9-14)
We welcome Rev. Chuck Tedrick to our pulpit this morning. He is the Dean of Students and Director of Alumni Relations at Westminster Seminary in California.
Introduction
Christ tells a parable about one of the world's worst prayers, immediately followed by one of the world's most beautiful prayers. The warning is that some trusted in themselves, believing they were righteous, and treated others with contempt.
Two men from the same covenant community go to the same temple service. Both stand to pray. Both address God. Yet everything else about their prayers reveals two completely different kinds of people. There is one group that looks to God's grace in Christ alone for salvation. Another group who looks to themself. One represents the humble; the other, the prideful. Christ presents two characters to represent these positions. We would expect the Pharisee to be praised by Christ. We would expect the tax collector to be condemned. However, we see that Christ does the opposite. Why does Christ condemn the hero while exalting the expected villain?
The Prideful Prayer
The Pharisee enters the temple with impressive religious credentials. In his day, Pharisees were the most pious, conservative, and scrupulous religious leaders. They took God's law seriously. Tragically, they valued the law, but not the law’s giver. His heart is far from God and the Lord’s grace.
Standing by himself, he prays: "God, I thank you that I am not like other men, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even like this tax collector. I fast twice a week; I give tithes of all that I get." This is impressive and intimidating.
Notice what is missing. He thanks God for nothing. He is not thankful for the Lord’s grace that has moved him past previous sins. He does not see God as the giver of his daily provision. He does not see that he needs the Lord’s grace and mercy to stand strong. He compares himself to others and finds himself superior. He lists sins he has avoided (theft, adultery, injustice) and works he has exceeded (fasting beyond requirement, giving above the tithe).
Notice that he never mentions his own sins: coveting, gossip, envy, impatience, or the self-righteousness and contempt pouring from his heart. He has not loved God with all his heart, soul, mind, and strength, nor has he loved his neighbor as himself.
The tragedy is not that he hasn't traveled far enough down the road of good works, but that he is on the wrong road entirely. He travels the "law road" when he needs the "faith road." He tries to justify himself through works when Scripture declares that "by works of the law no one will be justified." He trusts in himself rather than in God's promise.
The Humble Prayer
The tax collector represents the opposite extreme of Jewish society. Tax collectors were despised as traitors and thieves. They compromised their Jewish purity by collaborating with Rome. In fact, they extorted money from their own people.
His posture is different from that of the previous man. He stands "far off," unable to lift his eyes to heaven, beating his breast in grief. His prayer is devastatingly simple: "God, be merciful to me, a sinner." He knows he needs the Lord’s mercy and grace. He knows that he cannot stand on his own.
He compares himself to God and finds himself wanting. He recognizes he has nothing to offer. He does not have a righteousness that exceeds that of the scribes and the Pharisees. All he asks for is mercy. He does not have a resume that proves his worthiness. No, he is confronted by the reality that he is a desperate sinner on thin ice.
The word he uses for "mercy" is propitiation. This is a traditional word that refers to the turning away of God's wrath through sacrifice. On the Day of Atonement, the high priest would confess sins over a scapegoat sent into the wilderness and sprinkle blood on the mercy seat. This tax collector understands what the Pharisee misses: the wages of sin are death, and we need a substitute.
Jesus is that substitute. He is the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world. On the cross, He became the propitiation for our sins, enduring the wrath we deserved, and dying in our place. Christ gives the assurance that the tax collector goes home justified. He sees that his redemption and righteousness are outside himself, and he looks to the mercy of God found in Christ.
Christ’s Verdict
Jesus delivers a shocking verdict: "I tell you, this man went down to his house justified, rather than the other."
Jesus does not prescribe penance for this man to complete. No "try harder and check back later." The tax collector goes home forgiven, declared righteous, at peace with God. The Pharisee goes home still an enemy of the Lord.
Jesus concludes with a kingdom principle that reverses worldly wisdom: "Everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted." This is so contrary to the world’s order. In the world's economy, self-promotion leads to success. In God's economy, humility leads to exaltation. Justification is a matter of God's mercy, not human merit.
Luke immediately gives us proof in the very next chapter. Zacchaeus, a chief tax collector, climbs a tree to see Jesus because he has heard that this Teacher declares even tax collectors forgiven. When Jesus announces, "Today salvation has come to this house," the crowd grumbles: "He has gone in to be the guest of a man who is a sinner." But Jesus responds: "The Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost."
Conclusion
This parable serves as both comfort and warning. For those who come to God saying, "Be merciful to me, a sinner," there is immediate justification, peace with God, and the gift of righteousness through faith in Christ alone. For those trusting in their own goodness, religious activity, or moral superiority, there remains judgment.
Paul tells us to discern what is pleasing to the Lord. This is a call to examine your own heart. Do you compare yourself to others so that you are thankful you are not "like that person"? Or are you comparing yourself to God's holy standard and finding yourself desperate for grace?
Repent and believe. Come to the cross empty-handed, clinging only to Christ. For everyone who humbles himself will be exalted, and everyone who exalts himself will be humbled. The tax collector went home justified. Find your identity and life in Christ rather than yourself.