Elite Doctrine or Rich Comfort? (John 3:1-21; COD Conclusion)
Introduction
The Canons of Dort is a theologically rich document that addresses critical questions about God's sovereignty and human free will. While it can unfortunately fuel argumentative "cage phase" theology, its true purpose is far more pastoral: to provide genuine consolation in knowing that God desires, chooses, and gives life to His people. This teaching isn't meant to create theological elites obsessed with debate, but rather to lead believers toward Scripture, submission to God's Word, and ultimately to His glory.
The Canons address two extremes. The two extremes are hyper-Calvinism and Arminianism. Both of these extremes rob believers of assurance and leave them chasing their tails without real spiritual progress.
Significant Observation - The Tension Between God's Universal Call and Particular Work
The Canons of Dort do not aim to divide the church but to address real theological problems with precision. The challenge is that the Canons desire to remain helpful rather than overwhelming people with details. It reminds us that theological work should be done "with a view to the glory of God's name, holiness of life, and comfort of anxious souls.” Our temptation is to make a name for ourselves or win arguments.
This creates an important tension visible in John 3: there's clearly a universal, sincere call in John 3:16 where God loves the world and offers eternal life to "whoever believes.” This has to be read in light of verses 1-15. John 3:1-15 makes it explicit that one will not respond to the Gospel without being born again. This is why Nicodemus struggles with the reality that one must be "born of the Spirit" to even see the kingdom.
Both truths stand: the general call is real, and the particular application of Christ's work to God's people is also real. Like Nicodemus, an intelligent Pharisee who knew the Torah by heart, we must wrestle honestly with how these fit together. We must submit to Scripture (ministerial reasoning) rather than forcing Scripture into our philosophical boxes (magisterial reasoning). The complexity is real, and we're called to accept both truths even when we can't fully reconcile them with human logic.
A Significant Freedom - The Spirit Works Like the Wind
When Christ tells Nicodemus that the Spirit "blows where it wills" like the wind, He's making a crucial point: we cannot control, predict, or harness God's work. The Greek/Hebrew word for wind and spirit is the same (pneuma), creating an intentional wordplay. Just as we don't fully understand or control the wind despite our scientific advances, we cannot determine when or how the Spirit will work in regeneration. We cannot control the wind. We cannot control the Spirit.
This is both humbling and liberating for ministers and believers alike. We cannot twist God's hand or guarantee results through the perfect methodology or sermon. God normally works through the preaching of the gospel in the context of the church, but even this has exceptions. We immediately think of the thief on the cross, who likely never attended synagogue, given his lifestyle. The reference to being "born of water and the Spirit" points back to Old Testament promises in Ezekiel 36:27-28 and Jeremiah 31:31 about God giving His people new hearts. Christ rebukes Nicodemus as a "teacher of Israel" for not recognizing these prophetic promises. Christ is not primarily using water to teach about baptism, forcing God's hand, but about the Messiah as the one who confirms the new age. Christ is confirming the covenantal promises as predicted by Ezekiel. So, he is upset because Nicodemus should know this prophecy. He should see that Christ is the confirmation of God’s promises.
A Significant Consolation - Our Hope Rests in Christ, Not Ourselves
Here's where the pastoral beauty of the Canons shines through. God's call in passages like John 3:16 and Matthew 11:28 ("Come to me, all you who are weary") is absolutely sincere. Christ is issuing a genuine invitation to all people to believe in Christ. We cannot know how many will be saved, and we shouldn't limit God's work. The call goes out to everyone.
Yet there's profound consolation in knowing that when we do bow the knee to Christ, it's because we've been born from above by the Spirit. In moments of struggle, doubt, and anguish, we do not hope in the strength of our faith or our ability to persevere. Our confidence rests in Christ, in His Spirit, and in His power to uphold us until the end. God doesn't just dangle an unattainable carrot; He guarantees that the seed of the woman will enter His rest. When Christ teaches Nicodemus that His people will truly respond in faith through the Spirit's power, then we can be assured that we believe in Christ’s power and not our own. Our confidence should never be in ourselves.
Conclusion
The Canons of Dordt is honest in that it paints an unflattering picture of humanity: we're wretches who hate God and don't want to turn to Him. But it simultaneously reveals God's astounding mercy. God restrains sin, publishes the gospel, gives His Son, and calls all to believe in Christ.
The assurance is simple yet profound: if you take hold of Christ by faith, He is your Redeemer and Savior. You have life in Him. Your sins are taken away in Him. We're not believing in our faith or in ourselves. We believe in Christ, who is the source of hope and gives the gift of faith. This is the "yes and amen" from the Canons: our ultimate consolation is found in our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Let us walk in him believing we will overcome by His Power.